[Docs] Add multi-thread weight loading documentation (#2445)

Signed-off-by: samithuang <285365963@qq.com>
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Samit authored and GitHub committed 2026-04-09 15:54:23 +08:00
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vLLM-Omni supports various advanced features for diffusion models:
- Acceleration: **cache methods**, **parallelism methods**
- Acceleration: **cache methods**, **parallelism methods**, **startup optimizations**
- Memory optimization: **cpu offloading**, **quantization**
- Extensions: **LoRA inference**
- Execution modes: **step execution**
@@ -44,6 +44,12 @@ Parallelism methods distribute computation across GPUs without quality loss (mat
| **[HSDP](diffusion/parallelism/hsdp.md)** | Weight sharding via FSDP2, redistributed on-demand at runtime | Very large models (14B+) on limited VRAM, combinable with SP |
| **[Expert Parallelism](diffusion/parallelism/expert_parallel.md)** | Shards MoE expert MLP blocks across devices | MoE diffusion models (e.g., HunyuanImage3.0) |
#### Startup Optimization
| Method | Description | Best For |
|--------|-------------|----------|
| **[Multi-Thread Weight Loading](#multi-thread-weight-loading)** | Loads safetensors shards in parallel using a thread pool | All diffusion models; reduces startup from minutes to seconds |
**Note:** Some acceleration methods can be combined together for optimized performance. See [Feature Compatibility Table](#feature-compatibility) and [Feature Compatibility Tutorial](feature_compatibility.md) for detailed configuration examples.
### Memory Optimization
@@ -179,6 +185,59 @@ The following tables show which models support each feature:
6. Step Execution is not compatible with cache backends (TeaCache, Cache-DiT) or LoRA.
## Multi-Thread Weight Loading
Large diffusion models can take several minutes to load weights at startup (e.g., ~3 min for Qwen-Image, ~5 min for Wan2.2 I2V 14B). Multi-thread weight loading speeds up this process by loading safetensors shards in parallel using a thread pool instead of sequentially.
This optimization is **enabled by default** with 4 threads. No configuration is needed for the default behavior.
### Configuration
| Parameter | CLI Flag | Default | Description |
|-----------|----------|---------|-------------|
| `enable_multithread_weight_load` | `--disable-multithread-weight-load` | `True` (enabled) | Pass the flag to disable multi-thread loading |
| `num_weight_load_threads` | `--num-weight-load-threads` | `4` | Number of threads for parallel weight loading |
!!! tip
The default of 4 threads balances speed and disk I/O contention. On fast NVMe storage you may benefit from more threads (e.g., 8). On HDD or network storage, the default of 4 avoids saturating I/O bandwidth.
### Online Serving
```bash
# Default (multi-thread enabled, 4 threads)
vllm serve Qwen/Qwen-Image --omni --port 8091
# Custom thread count
vllm serve Wan-AI/Wan2.2-I2V-A14B-Diffusers --omni --num-weight-load-threads 8
# Disable multi-thread loading
vllm serve Qwen/Qwen-Image --omni --disable-multithread-weight-load
```
### Offline Inference
```python
from vllm_omni import Omni
# Default (multi-thread enabled, 4 threads)
omni = Omni(model="Qwen/Qwen-Image")
# Custom thread count
omni = Omni(
model="Wan-AI/Wan2.2-I2V-A14B-Diffusers",
num_weight_load_threads=8,
)
```
### Benchmarks
Measured on NVIDIA H800:
| Model | Before | After | Speedup |
|-------|--------|-------|---------|
| **Qwen/Qwen-Image** (53.7 GiB) | 168s | 27s | **6.2x** |
| **Wan-AI/Wan2.2-I2V-A14B-Diffusers** (64.5 GiB) | 283s | 56s | **5.1x** |
## Learn More
**Cache Acceleration:**
@@ -204,6 +263,10 @@ The following tables show which models support each feature:
- **[Step Execution Guide](diffusion/step_execution.md)** - Per-step denoise execution with mid-request abort support
**Startup Optimization:**
- **[Multi-Thread Weight Loading](#multi-thread-weight-loading)** - Speed up model startup by loading safetensors shards in parallel
**Advanced Topics:**
- **[Feature Compatibility](feature_compatibility.md)** - How to combine multiple features for maximum performance