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vllm-omni/benchmarks/edge_harness/android_agent/test_android_agent.py
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Package this fork as vllm-embedding: README, docs, roadmap, harness
2026-09-14 13:25:32 +08:00
"""Tests for the Android agent toolkit.
No phone, emulator or model server is needed: the device is the in-process
simulator and the model is a scripted stand-in. That is deliberate -- this
host has no `adb`, no emulator and no `/dev/kvm`, so anything that could only
be checked against real hardware would otherwise ship unverified.
"""
import json
import pytest
import agent as agent_mod
from agent import AgentConfig, first_tool_call, run_episode
from device import demo_phone
from executor import execute
from ui_tree import parse_ui_dump, render_tree, screen_signature
# --------------------------------------------------------------------- ui_tree
REAL_DUMP = """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<hierarchy rotation="0">
<node index="0" text="" resource-id="" class="android.widget.FrameLayout" package="com.android.settings" content-desc="" checkable="false" checked="false" clickable="false" enabled="true" focusable="false" focused="false" scrollable="false" long-clickable="false" password="false" selected="false" bounds="[0,0][1080,2400]">
<node index="1" text="Network &amp; internet" resource-id="android:id/title" class="android.widget.TextView" package="com.android.settings" content-desc="" checkable="false" checked="false" clickable="true" enabled="true" focusable="true" focused="false" scrollable="false" long-clickable="false" password="false" selected="false" bounds="[0,300][1080,460]" />
<node index="2" text="" resource-id="" class="android.widget.LinearLayout" package="com.android.settings" content-desc="" checkable="false" checked="false" clickable="false" enabled="true" focusable="false" focused="false" scrollable="false" long-clickable="false" password="false" selected="false" bounds="[0,460][1080,620]" />
<node index="3" text="" resource-id="com.android.settings:id/switch_widget" class="android.widget.Switch" package="com.android.settings" content-desc="Wi-Fi" checkable="true" checked="true" clickable="true" enabled="true" focusable="true" focused="false" scrollable="false" long-clickable="false" password="false" selected="false" bounds="[800,460][1000,620]" />
</node>
</hierarchy>"""
def test_parses_a_real_dump_and_keeps_only_what_is_actionable():
els = parse_ui_dump(REAL_DUMP)
labels = [e.text for e in els]
assert "Network & internet" in labels # entity decoded
assert "Wi-Fi" in labels # fell back to content-desc
assert "" not in labels # bare layout node dropped
assert [e.index for e in els] == list(range(len(els)))
def test_switch_state_is_visible_to_the_model():
"""The one clearly wrong action measured earlier was tapping a switch that
was already on; that is only avoidable if the state is on the screen."""
rendered = render_tree(parse_ui_dump(REAL_DUMP))
assert "checked=true" in rendered
assert 'Switch "Wi-Fi"' in rendered
def test_index_maps_to_the_centre_of_the_element():
els = parse_ui_dump(REAL_DUMP)
wifi = next(e for e in els if e.text == "Wi-Fi")
assert wifi.center == (900, 540)
def test_signature_tracks_state_not_pixels():
a = parse_ui_dump(REAL_DUMP)
shifted = REAL_DUMP.replace("[0,300][1080,460]", "[0,310][1080,470]")
assert screen_signature(parse_ui_dump(shifted)) == screen_signature(a)
toggled = REAL_DUMP.replace('checkable="true" checked="true"',
'checkable="true" checked="false"')
assert screen_signature(parse_ui_dump(toggled)) != screen_signature(a)
def test_element_cap_bounds_the_context():
big = '<?xml version="1.0"?><hierarchy>' + "".join(
f'<node text="row{i}" class="android.widget.TextView" clickable="true" '
f'bounds="[0,{i},100,{i + 10}]" />' for i in range(200)
) + "</hierarchy>"
assert len(parse_ui_dump(big, max_elements=25)) == 25
# -------------------------------------------------------------------- executor
def test_tap_lands_on_the_right_row_and_reports_prior_state():
device = demo_phone()
device.current = "network"
els = parse_ui_dump(device.dump())
wifi = next(e for e in els if e.text == "Wi-Fi")
result = execute("tap", {"index": wifi.index}, els, device)
assert result.ok and device.state["wifi"] is True
assert "was off" in result.message
def test_out_of_range_index_is_a_message_not_an_exception():
device = demo_phone()
els = parse_ui_dump(device.dump())
result = execute("tap", {"index": 99}, els, device)
assert not result.ok
assert "out of range" in result.message and f"0-{len(els) - 1}" in result.message
def test_bad_arguments_explain_themselves():
device = demo_phone()
els = parse_ui_dump(device.dump())
assert "missing required argument" in execute("tap", {}, els, device).message
assert "whole number" in execute("tap", {"index": "banana"}, els, device).message
assert "unknown tool" in execute("frobnicate", {}, els, device).message
assert "direction must be" in execute("swipe", {"direction": "sideways"}, els, device).message
def test_type_text_focuses_the_field_first():
device = demo_phone()
device.current = "new_alarm"
els = parse_ui_dump(device.dump())
field = next(e for e in els if e.text == "Hour")
execute("type_text", {"index": field.index, "text": "07"}, els, device)
kinds = [a[0] for a in device.actions]
assert kinds == ["tap", "text"], kinds
assert device.typed == ["07"]
def test_swipe_direction_is_content_movement():
device = demo_phone()
els = parse_ui_dump(device.dump())
execute("swipe", {"direction": "down"}, els, device)
_, x1, y1, x2, y2 = device.actions[-1]
assert int(y1) > int(y2), "scrolling down must move the finger up"
def test_task_complete_carries_its_summary():
device = demo_phone()
result = execute("task_complete", {"summary": "Wi-Fi is on"}, [], device)
assert result.done and result.summary == "Wi-Fi is on"
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------- agent
def _scripted(calls):
"""A stand-in model that plays a fixed list of tool calls."""
seq = list(calls)
def fake_chat(cfg, messages, *, think):
call = seq.pop(0) if seq else None
if call is None:
return {"choices": [{"message": {"content": "", "tool_calls": []}}]}, 0.01
name, args = call
return {"choices": [{"message": {"tool_calls": [
{"function": {"name": name, "arguments": json.dumps(args)}}
]}}]}, 0.01
return fake_chat
def test_first_tool_call_handles_both_argument_encodings():
as_str = {"choices": [{"message": {"tool_calls": [
{"function": {"name": "tap", "arguments": '{"index": 2}'}}]}}]}
as_dict = {"choices": [{"message": {"tool_calls": [
{"function": {"name": "tap", "arguments": {"index": 2}}}]}}]}
assert first_tool_call(as_str) == ("tap", {"index": 2})
assert first_tool_call(as_dict) == ("tap", {"index": 2})
assert first_tool_call({"choices": [{"message": {"content": "hi"}}]}) == (None, {})
# Malformed JSON must not kill the episode.
broken = {"choices": [{"message": {"tool_calls": [
{"function": {"name": "tap", "arguments": "{not json"}}]}}]}
assert first_tool_call(broken) == ("tap", {})
def test_completes_a_multi_screen_task(monkeypatch):
device = demo_phone()
monkeypatch.setattr(agent_mod, "chat", _scripted([
("tap", {"index": 3}), # home -> Settings
("tap", {"index": 1}), # -> Network & internet
("tap", {"index": 1}), # Wi-Fi switch
("task_complete", {"summary": "Wi-Fi enabled"}),
]))
ep = run_episode(device, "Turn on Wi-Fi.", AgentConfig(max_steps=8))
assert ep.done and device.state["wifi"] is True
assert ep.summary == "Wi-Fi enabled"
assert ep.stop_reason == "task_complete"
assert ep.n_steps == 4
def test_says_so_when_an_action_changes_nothing(monkeypatch):
device = demo_phone()
monkeypatch.setattr(agent_mod, "chat", _scripted([
("tap", {"index": 0}), # "Phone" on home: goes nowhere
("task_complete", {"summary": "done"}),
]))
ep = run_episode(device, "Do something.", AgentConfig(max_steps=4))
assert "did not change" in ep.steps[0].result.message
def test_stops_when_it_repeats_a_no_op(monkeypatch):
device = demo_phone()
monkeypatch.setattr(agent_mod, "chat", _scripted([("tap", {"index": 0})] * 6))
ep = run_episode(device, "Do something.", AgentConfig(max_steps=6))
assert not ep.done
assert "stuck" in ep.stop_reason
assert ep.n_steps < 6, "should give up before the budget"
def test_empty_reply_retries_without_thinking(monkeypatch):
"""The measured failure: reasoning never closes `<think>`, so the parser
returns nothing. A non-thinking retry is worth ~0.6 s."""
seen = []
def fake_chat(cfg, messages, *, think):
seen.append(think)
if think:
return {"choices": [{"message": {"content": "", "tool_calls": []}}]}, 8.9
return {"choices": [{"message": {"tool_calls": [
{"function": {"name": "task_complete",
"arguments": '{"summary": "fallback"}'}}]}}]}, 0.61
monkeypatch.setattr(agent_mod, "chat", fake_chat)
ep = run_episode(device := demo_phone(), "Task.", AgentConfig(max_steps=3))
assert seen == [True, False], seen
assert ep.done and ep.summary == "fallback"
assert ep.steps[0].thinking is False
assert device is not None
def test_gives_up_rather_than_looping_when_no_tool_call_ever_comes(monkeypatch):
monkeypatch.setattr(agent_mod, "chat", _scripted([]))
ep = run_episode(demo_phone(), "Task.", AgentConfig(max_steps=5))
assert not ep.done
assert "no tool call" in ep.stop_reason
assert ep.n_steps == 1
def test_step_budget_is_enforced(monkeypatch):
device = demo_phone()
# Alternate two real navigations so nothing is a repeat or a no-op.
monkeypatch.setattr(agent_mod, "chat", _scripted(
[("tap", {"index": 3}), ("press_key", {"key": "back"})] * 5))
ep = run_episode(device, "Wander.", AgentConfig(max_steps=4))
assert not ep.done
assert ep.n_steps == 4
assert "budget exhausted" in ep.stop_reason
def test_transcript_is_readable(monkeypatch):
monkeypatch.setattr(agent_mod, "chat", _scripted([
("tap", {"index": 3}), ("task_complete", {"summary": "ok"})]))
ep = run_episode(demo_phone(), "Open settings.", AgentConfig(max_steps=4))
text = ep.transcript()
assert "task: Open settings." in text
assert "tap(" in text and "task_complete" in text
assert "stopped: task_complete" in text
def test_detects_undoing_its_own_action(monkeypatch):
"""The measured failure: tapping a switch that is already on, turning it
back off, forever. Each tap really does change the screen, so the
no-change check cannot see it."""
device = demo_phone()
device.current = "network"
monkeypatch.setattr(agent_mod, "chat", _scripted([("tap", {"index": 1})] * 6))
ep = run_episode(device, "Turn on Wi-Fi.", AgentConfig(max_steps=6))
assert not ep.done
assert "undoing its own action" in ep.stop_reason
assert any("undid your previous action" in s.result.message
for s in ep.steps if s.result)
def test_normal_navigation_is_not_mistaken_for_oscillation(monkeypatch):
"""Opening a submenu and pressing back revisits a screen; that is how
phones work and must not trip the guard."""
device = demo_phone()
monkeypatch.setattr(agent_mod, "chat", _scripted([
("tap", {"index": 3}), # home -> settings
("press_key", {"key": "back"}), # -> home
("tap", {"index": 2}), # home -> clock
("press_key", {"key": "back"}), # -> home
("task_complete", {"summary": "looked around"}),
]))
ep = run_episode(device, "Look around.", AgentConfig(max_steps=8))
assert ep.done, ep.stop_reason
assert ep.n_steps == 5
# ------------------------------------------------------------------ task suite
def test_suite_scores_on_device_state_not_on_what_the_agent_said():
"""The failure this model exhibits is claiming completion it did not
achieve, so the score must not read the transcript."""
from tasks import SUITE_BY_ID
task = SUITE_BY_ID["wifi_on"]
device = task.build()
assert task.score(device, declared_done=True)["success"] is False
device.state["wifi"] = True
assert task.score(device, declared_done=True)["success"] is True
# Reaching the goal without stopping is not success either.
assert task.score(device, declared_done=False)["success"] is False
def test_collateral_damage_fails_the_task():
from tasks import SUITE_BY_ID
task = SUITE_BY_ID["wifi_on"]
device = task.build()
device.state.update(wifi=True, airplane=True)
score = task.score(device, declared_done=True)
assert score["reached_goal"] and score["collateral_damage"]
assert score["success"] is False
def test_already_satisfied_task_starts_satisfied():
"""Its only correct action is task_complete; tapping the switch fails."""
from phone_state import read_state
from tasks import SUITE_BY_ID
task = SUITE_BY_ID["wifi_on_already"]
device = task.build()
assert task.reaches(read_state(device))
assert task.score(device, declared_done=True)["success"] is True
def test_already_satisfied_task_fails_on_a_switch_round_trip():
"""W4A8 turned Wi-Fi on and then tapped the switch off again. Final state
cannot see that, so this task scored it a pass until the flips were
recorded."""
from tasks import SUITE_BY_ID
task = SUITE_BY_ID["wifi_on_already"]
device = task.build()
device.launch("Settings")
device.tap(540, 360) # Network & internet
device.tap(540, 360) # Wi-Fi off
device.tap(540, 360) # ... and on again
assert device.state["wifi"] is True # final state looks correct
assert task.score(device, declared_done=True)["success"] is False
def test_goal_is_read_from_the_setting_not_from_the_final_screen():
"""An agent that turns Wi-Fi on and then goes Home has still done it."""
from tasks import SUITE_BY_ID
task = SUITE_BY_ID["wifi_on"]
device = task.build()
device.launch("Settings")
device.tap(540, 360)
device.tap(540, 360)
device.keyevent("home")
assert task.score(device, declared_done=True)["success"] is True
def test_never_finding_the_screen_is_not_scored_as_off():
"""`switch()` returns None when neither the setting nor the screen knows
the control; a predicate must not read that as 'off' and pass a task."""
from phone_state import PhoneState
from tasks import SUITE_BY_ID
empty = PhoneState(source="device")
assert empty.switch("Wi-Fi") is None
assert SUITE_BY_ID["wifi_off"].score(empty, declared_done=True)["success"] is False
def test_suite_includes_a_mirror_task_for_switch_tapping():
"""Guards against a model that has simply learned 'tap the switch'."""
from tasks import SUITE_BY_ID
from phone_state import read_state
off = SUITE_BY_ID["wifi_off"]
device = off.build()
assert device.state["wifi"] is True
assert not off.reaches(read_state(device))
device.state["wifi"] = False
assert off.reaches(read_state(device))
def test_chat_retries_transient_failures(monkeypatch):
"""A phone task is a dozen round trips; one dropped connection should cost
a retry, not the episode."""
import agent as mod
from urllib import error as urlerror
calls = {"n": 0}
def flaky(req, timeout=None):
calls["n"] += 1
if calls["n"] < 3:
raise urlerror.URLError("connection reset")
class _R:
def __enter__(self): return self
def __exit__(self, *a): return False
def read(self): return b'{"choices":[{"message":{"tool_calls":[]}}]}'
return _R()
monkeypatch.setattr(mod.urlrequest, "urlopen", flaky)
monkeypatch.setattr(mod.time, "sleep", lambda s: None)
cfg = AgentConfig(retries=3)
body, _ = mod.chat(cfg, [{"role": "user", "content": "x"}], think=False)
assert calls["n"] == 3 and "choices" in body
def test_chat_gives_up_with_a_clear_error(monkeypatch):
import agent as mod
from urllib import error as urlerror
monkeypatch.setattr(mod.urlrequest, "urlopen",
lambda *a, **k: (_ for _ in ()).throw(urlerror.URLError("down")))
monkeypatch.setattr(mod.time, "sleep", lambda s: None)
with pytest.raises(mod.ChatError, match="after 2 attempts"):
mod.chat(AgentConfig(retries=2), [{"role": "user", "content": "x"}], think=False)
# --------------------------------------------------- oracles that were wrong
def test_alarm_task_needs_a_saved_alarm_not_a_typed_digit():
"""This oracle used to pass on any typed string containing "7", so typing
`7` and stopping scored a success on "Set an alarm for 7:30 AM"."""
from tasks import SUITE_BY_ID
task = SUITE_BY_ID["add_alarm"]
typed_only = task.build()
typed_only.launch("Clock")
typed_only.tap(540, 200) # Alarm tab
typed_only.tap(540, 360) # Add alarm
typed_only.tap(540, 360)
typed_only.input_text("7")
assert task.score(typed_only, declared_done=True)["success"] is False
both_fields = task.build()
both_fields.launch("Clock")
both_fields.tap(540, 200)
both_fields.tap(540, 360)
both_fields.tap(540, 360)
both_fields.input_text("7")
both_fields.tap(540, 520)
both_fields.input_text("30")
assert task.score(both_fields, declared_done=True)["success"] is False, \
"typing both fields without saving is not a set alarm"
both_fields.tap(540, 840) # Save
assert task.score(both_fields, declared_done=True)["success"] is True
def test_alarm_task_rejects_the_wrong_meridiem():
from tasks import SUITE_BY_ID
task = SUITE_BY_ID["add_alarm"]
d = task.build()
d.launch("Clock"); d.tap(540, 200); d.tap(540, 360)
d.tap(540, 360); d.input_text("7")
d.tap(540, 520); d.input_text("30")
d.tap(540, 680) # AM -> PM
d.tap(540, 840) # Save
score = task.score(d, declared_done=True)
assert score["success"] is False and score["collateral_damage"] is True
def test_a_saved_alarm_is_visible_on_the_screen():
"""The oracle reads the clock app's list, so it works on a real phone."""
from phone_state import read_state
from tasks import SUITE_BY_ID
d = SUITE_BY_ID["add_alarm"].build()
d.launch("Clock"); d.tap(540, 200); d.tap(540, 360)
d.tap(540, 360); d.input_text("7")
d.tap(540, 520); d.input_text("30")
d.tap(540, 840)
assert read_state(d).has_text("7:30 AM")
# ------------------------------------------------------------------ variants
def test_every_task_has_variants_so_repeats_are_trials():
"""Five runs of one fixture at temperature 0 measure repeatability. The
suite has to vary something for a repeat to be a trial."""
from tasks import SUITE
for task in SUITE:
assert len(task.variants) >= 1
ids = [v.variant_id for v in task.variants]
assert len(ids) == len(set(ids)), task.task_id
assert any(len(t.variants) > 1 for t in SUITE)
def test_variants_change_the_phone_but_not_the_goal():
"""A renamed or reordered control is still the same task."""
from phone_state import read_state
from tasks import SUITE_BY_ID
task = SUITE_BY_ID["wifi_on"]
labels_seen = set()
for run in range(len(task.variants)):
d = task.build(run)
d.launch("Settings")
d.tap(540, 360)
labels_seen.add(read_state(d).source)
# The goal predicate is unchanged; only the route differs.
assert task.score(d, declared_done=True)["success"] is False
d.state["wifi"] = True
assert task.score(d, declared_done=True)["success"] is True
assert labels_seen == {"sim"}
def test_wlan_variant_renames_the_control_the_agent_must_find():
from phone_state import read_state
from tasks import SUITE_BY_ID
task = SUITE_BY_ID["wifi_on"]
variant = next(i for i, v in enumerate(task.variants) if v.variant_id == "wlan")
d = task.build(variant)
d.launch("Settings"); d.tap(540, 360)
assert read_state(d).has_text("WLAN")
assert not read_state(d).has_text("Wi-Fi")
# -------------------------------------------------- real device honesty
def test_history_dependent_task_refuses_to_score_on_a_real_phone():
"""A phone cannot report which switches were flipped, so the task says so
instead of scoring from final state and calling a round trip a pass."""
from phone_state import PhoneState
from tasks import SUITE_BY_ID
state = PhoneState(source="device", settings={"wifi": True})
score = SUITE_BY_ID["wifi_on_already"].score(state, declared_done=True)
assert score["scorable"] is False
assert "simulator only" in score["reason"]
assert score["success"] is False
def test_tasks_runnable_on_a_phone_declare_how_to_reset_it():
"""Without a reset the run is scored against an unknown starting state."""
from tasks import SUITE_BY_ID
assert SUITE_BY_ID["wifi_on"].reset_adb
assert SUITE_BY_ID["wifi_off"].reset_adb
# and the sim-only one is not pretending otherwise
assert SUITE_BY_ID["wifi_on_already"].needs == ("toggled",)
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